By being out in the open air, a citizen, the president Thomas Jefferson said, breathes free: he applied this metaphor to the countryside, which he loved (Sennett 1994, 270). From cities´ point of view, the function of parks is integrative. Parks are – according to Cranz – historically, politically and aesthetically integrative (Cranz 1982, 248-249). According to Lefebvre (1996, 147), the citizens of cities have several social needs in respect to cities. These needs are conceptualised in dialectic form, and they include: - need for security/opening - need for certainty/adventure - need for the predictable and the unpredictable - need of similarity/difference - need of isolation/encounter - need of independence (solitude)/communication - need of immediate/long-term prospects - need for creative activity; the need for information, symbolism, the imaginery and plan o play, sexuality, physical activities (e.g.sport), creative activity, art, knowledge These urban needs can not be reduced int...