Kaupunkiluonto

Miten puustoiset yhteydet voivat kehittyä, jos aikaisemmin kaupungin itsensä vihersormien elimellisiksi osiksi katsoneita metsiä - kuten Riistavuori - kaadetaan lähes kokonaan rakentamisen tieltä ja viheryhteys korvataan viherkatoilla ja liito-oravanpöntöillä, jotka nekin on väärin asetettu? Kaupunki tekee itse tämän tavoitteen saavuttamisen kovin vaikeaksi sanomalla yhtä ja tekemällä toista, mikä panee vahvasti epäilemään kehittämisen olevan uuskieltä, jonka käyttämisellä on tarkoitus hämätä uskomaan, että metsien suhteen olisi hyvä tahto. Metsä ei ole teemapuisto, jossa pitää jokaisella liikkumismuodolla olla oma väylänsä. Otetaan vertailukohdaksi Oslon kaupunkimetsä Oslomarka, jossa on monikäyttösuunnitelma, jonka periaatteena on, että siellä on sijansa kaikilla jokamiehenoikeudella harrastettavilla ulkoilumuodoilla. Silloin kun Pirkkolasta hehtaarin rouhaissut halli valmistui, Anni Sinnemäki lupasi, että tämän jälkeen Keskuspuistoa ei enää nakerreta. Jos sitä ei ehkä nakerrettakaan...

Empirical part: interviewing, whom? - “What does Central Park mean to you?” - What are doing there, when and with whom?” A city can be understood as a socially understood text or as a virtual object. The textualist interpretation stresses the city as an object for cultural consumption for tourists and for aesthetic apprehension, stressing both the spectacles and the picturesque elements of the city. (Lefevbre 1996, 149.) Is the Helsinki Central Park a park as it a forest? Places can be “produced”. For instance, as the Helsinki Central Park is essentially a forest, it is yet called a park. Helsinki Park is another more recent example of place producing of this kind; areas usually conceived as Eastern parts of the Central Park has recently been labelled officially as Helsinki Park, stretching down to the seashores of Helsinki. Yet this concept is not quite well known. An easy and readily available, obvious positive answer would be to be content in mere declaring that it is a park because...

"Oslomarka" have many differing user groups, the needs of whom are different and often conflicting. Carl Christian Gustav Bruun wrote three books of his tours in the Marka between 1870 and 1890, classifying the users of the Marka into six categories: hunters, loggers, timbers, herds, tourists and students (Moland 2006, 60-61). In addition to those, there also were permanent residents in the Marka area. The stressing everyday life needs as its counterpart outdoors life; this notion has long since been recognised in Norway. Outdoors life has been supported by most people in Norway because it is not organised to the extent of the commercial sports with an aim to make profit. (Moland 2006, 118-120; a similar notion also supported by Cranz of American parks; Cranz 1982, 2). Mixing up commercial interests with public, open spaces is an unhappy marriage, as even Aristotle suggested in the Politics. He recommended that "The market square for buying and selling should be separate...

Definition of a large forest (or a city forest) (according to Oraug et al 1974, 111-112): 1) It consists of oaks, spruces and deciduous trees in-between 2) It has thousands of trees 3) It is so large in area that people can go around in there (kan gå seg vill der) 4) It is natural 5) It has a mental importance 6) It is the home of animals In general, it is a natural, non-regulated, closed space, wild and harmonious. The Oslomarka forest is unique in the way it brings nature to a city, being a paradigmatic example of city forests. Oslomarka (or just Marka) is the common name for the surrounding forestal areas of greater habited Oslo ”de sammenhengende skogområdene som omgir tettbebyggelsen i Oslo-regionen”. Oslomarka consists of Vestmarka, Bærumsmarka, Krokskogen, Nordmarka, Lillomarka, Romeriksåsene, østmarka or Sørmarka. Also Sørkedalen and Maridalen are counted as Marka. (ibid., 11.) The concept of Nordmarka was first used in 1760 in a map produced by the lieutenant Morten Krogh (Mol...

The version of spring 2008 of the research proposal for my doctoral thesis   Chapter 1: The Right to Urban Parks What is a park? What is an urban park? What is its function, definition and for what it is being used? Why urban parks? For which purposes have they been created, by whom and for whom? In order to understand the function of urban parks and the relationship between nature and urbanity, work of the founder of the landscape architecture and park planner, Frederick Law Olmsted is studied. I will study definitions of various forms of parks in the urban context and the history of parks. As there hardly is a one all-embracing definition of their onthology and function, the existence, definition and parks has been a cause for struggle. Who “owns” the parks? Are they a public good or a luxury? Who use them, for what, when and with whom? Where do the park users live? Are the parks there to be admired, aesthetic objects or do they serve functions for the city? My central focus will...